An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay

The epistle from Horace’s Art of Poetry was not merely a guide for good literature, but it was a sophisticated writing that displayed his principles and wisdom, and the contemporary Hellenistic influence on the Romans. Horace’s profound work clearly asserted his position as a literary master. Throughout his letter to Piso, he was able to make his description interesting and explanation convincing. He exhibited his expertise in literature by presenting detailed guidelines to write proficiently. Among his suggestions, he stressed precision, good iambic lines, and proper literary styles and formats. He also emphasized on the importance to strive for unity, as the writing would lose strength without coherence. If he were not a master at literature, he would not be able to discuss the technical details in depth. Furthermore, Horace was not only a man with distinguished achievements, but he was also a man with great principles. With many people yearning for success, he described Rome as â€Å"a nation greedy just for fame† (129). He criticized the Romans for being indulgent and materialistic. Since everybody was so absorbed in earning money, he asked, â€Å"what poems can we expect to write worth coating with protective oils and storing in fine wood?† (129). To Horace, money was not the primary motivation to pursue his writing career, and that explained why Horace rejected Augustus’s offer to become his secretary, which was an honorable position for a freed man. With his great virtues and morals, Horace was undoubtedly one of the best poets in the Roman Empire. Horace’s writings revealed the dominant Hellenistic influence. They were eloquent and highly intellectual, much nearer to that of the scholarly Greek writers of the Hellenistic period. He showed that he possessed deep knowledge of the Greek literature, since he often referred to Greek writers and to their plays. In his letter to Piso, he used Homer’s Odyssey as an example of great literature. â€Å"Make your models Greek,† as Horace declared, â€Å"and turn their pages nightly; turn them daily too† (127). This indicated his fondness of the Greek models. In addition, he mentioned that poets â€Å"[sung] about Italian themes in tragedies and comedies attired in Roman clothes† (128). Evidently, Hellenism had impacted not only Horace, but also the contemporary poets. By observing how Hellenism had revolutionized the  theoretical thinking of the poet of Rome, one can conclude that the impact of Hellenism was unquestionably prominent. Horace’s work of art demonstrated his expertise in writing, as well as the Hellenistic influence on Roman writers. Horace declared, â€Å"To flee vice is the beginning of virtue, and to have got rid of folly is the beginning of wisdom.† And Horace’s wisdom had presented new insights to the ancient Roman Empire. In studying Horace’s polished writings and distinguished qualities, scholars can further investigate how Greek culture had progressively integrated itself to the ancient Roman’s lives. J. Atchity, Kennedy. The Classical Roman Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay

Macbeth was written in 1606 for the current King James I. 1606 was in the Jacobean period, a time when people believed in the Divine Right of Kings. This is the belief that Kings were chosen by God. They also believed that the worst possible crime was to kill a King and this would result in being dammed to hell. They also believed in the â€Å"Great Chain of Being†, the importance of beings from highest to lowest. At the top was God and below him were the different positions held by Angels. Below Angels, the King was positioned above all other human beings. Because of this the King was given the title â€Å"God’s Deputy On Earth. During the Jacobean period there was also a strong belief in witchcraft; this being present in the play greatly intrigued the audience. Act 1 scene 4 and act 5 scene 3 both show examples of Kingship. The Kingship shown in these two scenes are very different. In order to understand these differences we must focus on the way in which the scenes are staged and the audience’s opinions generated by the script. Duncan is a very well respected and admired King. The people of Scotland admire and bow down to him, as they believe he is a good ruler. Duncan praises and rewards those who do well to him. He congratulates Macbeth in winning the battle against Norway and promotes him to Thane of Cawdor. Its ironic how Duncan’s two most trusted companions betray him. Macbeth had gained the title Thane of Cawdor off the previous traitor that turned against Duncan and fought for Norway. Duncan truly believes in loyalty and trust. This implies that Duncan is an extremely confident man. When he walks into a room, he knows people are watching him and this does not bother him. Macbeth rules very differently to Duncan. After killing Duncan, Macbeth begins to fear that this could easily happen to him. Macbeth does not praise those who do well, but punishes those who do bad or even nothing. If he feels they may be a threat to him he will immediately take action and eliminate them. Macbeth has no loyal friends, simply scared servants that do what they are commanded, fearing for their lives. The first scene shows Duncan as King surrounded by his loyal company, whereas the second scene shows Macbeth as King without the company of anyone except his servants which are treated with very little respect. In both of these acts the Kings are displayed in the same room of the castle. In act 1 scene 1, Duncan is informed about the death of Thane of Cawdor who is found to be a traitor and sentenced to death. The atmosphere presented is shameful but Duncan knows that the decision he made was right. In act 5 scene 3 Macbeth hears that the English army is heading for the castle. He also finds out the unstable condition of his wife. He jokes to the doctor and asks what the condition of the country is. The doctor replies very honestly saying that he would want to be as far away from Dunsinane as possible. In this scene Macbeth realizes that he will never be the King that Duncan was, he can see that the honor he receives is merely from the mouth and not from the heart. To show the different views from each scene I would present them similar to each other, as this would allow the audience to compare and make a connection between the scenes more clearly. In act 1 scene 4 I would arrange the characters in order to show their status. I would place Duncan in center stage and make sure that he is the main focus. In order to enhance this idea his position on stage must be raised above others. I would have his loyal accompanists by his side. By doing this it would create the sense that Duncan is a man of high status and respected and honored as a King. To create a connection between the two scenes I would place Macbeth in the same position as Duncan in act 5 scene 3. Duncan’s reaction to the betrayal and sentenced execution to the once loyal Thane of Cawdor should be very calm. He could also show a slight sadness by shedding a tear, this would show the audience that Duncan is shocked and upset by the acts of mistrust. Macbeth is faced with a similar situation in which could endanger his position as King, I would make him react violently and irritated. To create an obvious link between the tow scenes I would use a large throne as a distinctive prop. This throne would be grand and covered in red velvet. In act 1 scene 4 I would have Duncan using this throne in a proper manner, sitting up straight and proudly, where as I would have Macbeth slouching with one leg on an armrest. By using this prop it would display their differences in Kingship. In act 1 scene 4 Macbeth displays his loyalty towards Duncan by crying out â€Å"O worthiest cousin!† as Macbeth and Banquo approach. As he says this line I would make him have his arms wide open reaching out towards Macbeth. In line 31 Duncan says â€Å"†¦let me infold thee and hold thee to my heart.† On this line I would make Macbeth kneel down and kiss Duncans ring. Rings were worn by Kings as symbols of their positions. Kissing this ring would show Macbeth’s respect towards Duncan. In part 3 of act 5, line 11, a servant informs Macbeth about the English army’s approach towards the castle. Macbeth is worried, he shows great disrespect towards the servant by addressing to him with â€Å"thou cream-fac’d loon†. Whilst Macbeth says this line I would make him use violence towards the servant, hitting or shaking him. This would show an evil and uncaring King that is simply using his status to place himself above everyone else. Towards the end of this scene a doctor talks to Macbeth about the condition of his wife. Macbeth looks down to the doctor even though the doctor knows more about his wife than he does. Macbeth often reassures himself by referring back to the witches’ prophecies, while he does this I would have him pacing back and forth. The witches never told Macbeth what to do; they simply predicted the future and left it in the hands of Macbeth. This raises the idea that Macbeth might not have been King if he did not kill Duncan, or he could have become King at a later date from the natural death of Duncan. Dressing both of the Kings in each scene differently can compare their differences in personality. I would dress Duncan in a large pure white robe to show his clear conscience. I would also adorn him with gold jewelry to display his high status. Macbeth would be dressed very differently; I would have him in more common clothing in the colour black. This black would show the evil hidden within him. This evil side is suggested when Lady Macbeth describes Macbeth as looking like â€Å"the innocent† yet being â€Å"the serpent under†. By using different lighting I would be able to display what the Kings are feeling in each scene. In act 1 scene 4 I would use an orange light, this would create a feeling of warmth, as Duncan is kind, caring and in great company. In act 5 scene 3 I would have a blue light, this will give the scene a cold, empty and negative feel. All of these stage techniques would enable the audience to compare and contrast the two scenes of Kingship. If these were not used it would make the story harder to understand, hidden within Shakespeare’s script. In both of these scenes the Kings received high amounts of respect whether it was truly from the heart or falsely from the mouth. Macbeth was seen to be simply an â€Å"unfit† King by those who knew him closely as apposed to a â€Å"bad† King. This is because in the Jacobean period, whomever becomes King, has been elected by God, God being the top of the â€Å"Great Chain of Beings†. Back then God’s opinion meant everything, and could fix peoples opinion on a bad King.   

A world without Law would be a world without Sin Essay Example for Free

A world without Law would be a world without Sin Essay ? According to one of the Holy Books, the Bible, when God created the first man and woman, He knew as the author and finisher of man that he has mind, a conscience which is 2-sided. It could be destructive or constructive, it could embrace good or shun evil, it could love or hate based on the outline that he knows what is wrong and or right. That was the basic reason why God warned them or gave a strict Law against the act that lead to the very first sin, which is the eating of the fruit of knowledge. Hence, if there wasn’t any Law, the first and subsequent sins wouldn’t have existed. A car, an example of mechanical robot, will have no idea why it was created, which is a reason why a manual will be attached to it by the manufacturer for the use of the possible user[s]. We are all created for a purpose but the significant difference between Man and Machine is the choice and will power. These two tools can be shaped with Law[s] to guide man from being a weapon of personal and group calamity. And when there is no Law[s], then man can do whatever and anything he likes to suit his personal desire at the expense of others which would mean â€Å"No-Sin†. †¦At his best, man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice he is the worst. —- Aristotle It can be said man would be reckless, irresponsible, wild, thoughtless, uncontrolled or careless in a world without law. He would be pitiless when the taste for pleasure clouds his sense of reasoning. The mentality that anything he does is not wrong; just-do-it lingers in the mind of man in a world without Laws because there will not be any form of punishment. It would be a world of no hope for the poor. Government which is supposed to organize the society would not be in existence; there would not be anything like the Legislature to make laws, Executive to administer the laws and Judiciary to interpret the laws. Since the germane objective of Law is to maintain order in a society, the government agencies to carry out crime investigations and the professionals called Lawyers would have no space in a world without laws. Therefore, there will be a paradigm shift where jungle justice takes over the expected capacity of law. Discoveries and inventions will set the world in a state of entropy. Classified experiments such as cloning, stem cell growth and Nuclear weapons would know no limit. The world would be overpopulated for their will not be birth control regulations; strange diseases would be epidemic and pandemic. I can conveniently conclude that the world will fall apart without the law [which is tantamount to a world without sin]. A world without Law would be a world without Sin. (2018, Oct 26).

Bolero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bolero - Essay Example Levitin and Wooten look at music how people perceive it within a large paradigm. Bolero is a movement musical piece that was pioneered by Maurice Ravel. It would later stand out as one of his most famous musical compositions of his time. As such, it is appropriate to use this piece to analyse these musical concepts (Levitin 78). The music features unique musical composition with a new style of composition and dance gestures, with the musical instrumentation largely utilizing a sopranino saxophone in F. Furthermore, this form of music has been characterized as having a plain structural composition being in C major of ? timing. In its composition, Bolero music starts with pianissimo progressing in a crescendo and ending up to a fortissimo being played so loud. The music is anchored on a constant ostinato in the entire composition. Wooten’s â€Å"The Music Lesson† brings out a rich collection of concepts that he has come up with over the years in his Bass camps. A combinat ion of the ten ideas seeks to illustrate music as a language all interwoven into musical concepts. Quite distinctively, Wooten identifies these concepts as elements of music that he identifies as notes, articulation, feel, musical technique, rhythm, dynamics, tone, listening, phrasing, and space (Wooten 98). Similarly, Levitin’s â€Å"This is your brain on music† offers insightful information regarding how humans perceive musical sounds and the manner in which the human brain processes musical sounds. In his point of view, humans have been successful in their own standing due to music (Levitin 56). In using these concepts to analyze Bolero music, several issues come into the mind. These issues are related to how music is perceived and how humans interpret it. In a fundamental way, Ravel’s Bolero music takes fifteen minutes repeating each of the song themes’ two sections approximately nine times using the same key. The composition uses various orchestratio ns varying considerably the musical texture. Consequently, it creates crescendo. Using Wooten’s core concepts, Bolero puts into focus a repeat pattern of AA BB four times, and AB being repeated once. All these serve to offer the composition a sort of modulation that creates a cataclysmic musical closure. In putting Levitin’s perspective, the melody used in the compositions makes the music to stick in human brains because of simple rhythm use. The effects of most of the repetitive concepts of Wooten seek to make the musical patterns stick to people’s brain. Therefore, occasionally people can be able to feel the beats and sounds of a particular music without physically listening to it playing (Wooten 45-8). Much of Andre Rieu’s renditions were based on classical music creating a new niche in music from the period ending up to the twentieth century. His approach to classical music was mostly anchored on involving the audience during musical performances so t hat the audience can appreciate music. However, these renditions combined the admired compositions of great classical musicians of the time with rather informal musical performance environment that was mostly associated with pop music. His articulation of music provided a festive atmosphere for the audience where they are encouraged to participate in the performance through dance and song. Wooten would later describe this perception of music as more of a language of the learning process to understand music (Wooten 72). The way the audience

Newspaper Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Newspaper Industry Analysis - Essay Example However, the effects of the internet are variant and do not affect the Indian newspaper industry and other developing economies. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Findings 6 Description and Benefits of PEST Analysis 6 PEST Analysis for the Newspaper Industry in the Developed Economies 7 Political Factors 7 Economic Factors 7 Social  Factors 8 Technological Factors 9 The Meaning of the PEST Analysis for the Newspaper Industry 9 SWOT Analysis of the Guardian 10 Strengths 10 Weaknesses 10 Opportunities 11 Threats 11 Describe Lewin’s Field Force Analysis 11 Field Force Analysis for the newspaper industry in the developed world concerning the use of the internet 12 Driving Forces 12 Restraining Forces 12 Recommendations to Reduce the Strength of the Obstacles 12 The Indian Newspaper Industry 13 Conclusion 13 References 15 Introduction In the developed economies, the newspaper industry is going through a period of change. Yet whilst the industry is going through a period of change in the developed economies, in other economies such as India the story is different. The modern newspaper industry is facing structural challenges and fundamental transformations where they experience a long-term decline in circulation volume in paid titles as advertisers move to modern means of advertising. As such, newspaper publishers across the globe are facing a decline in: Newsprint prices Advertising revenues Titles Circulation Notably, the innovation and adoption of the internet derive the greatest losses to the newspapers where in developed economies circulation has been falling for a long term (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2009, p. 9). However, in other countries like India, newspaper sales are rising (Mallet 2013, p. 1). Notably, most young people are spending most of their time in the internet where they get the news online instead of reading newspapers (The Economist Newspaper Limited 2006, p. 1). Although, newspapers are yet to shut down in large numbers, we can expect that in the near future, most of the largest newspapers will close business especially in America. Nevertheless, the newspaper publishers are still trying to remain afloat and reduce operational costs by: Spending less on journalism Investing in free daily papers Trying to attract younger readers Trying to create new businesses on- and offline Raising the price of their subscriptions and news-stand copies The Guardian is a British national daily newspaper, which started publishing in 1821. The Guardian has grown to a national paper that deals with a complex organisational structure and international multimedia and web presence (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). Indeed, it is one of the world's best-selling international weekly newspapers, which provides relevant and updated information on international news, politics, entertainment, culture, and comment (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). More than 200,000 people in over 100 countries read the Guardian Weekly (Guardi an News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). To analyze the position of the newspaper industry in the current scenario, I will use the PEST analysis and Lewin’s Field Force Analysis. I will also use the SWOT analysis to analyze the British newspaper The Guardian. Findings Description and Benefits of PEST Analysis The PEST analysis will refer to the analysis of macro-environmental factors that influence the newspaper industry which include: Political Economic Social Technological analysis The PEST

Sales management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sales management - Essay Example To make matters worse, various selling jobs in the same organization can involve very different tasks and the tasks may vary between organizations in the same industry (1996). Thus, to give a clear picture of what is expected out of new hires, sales training is important. To explain the personal and professional characteristics necessary for a successful sales career: New hires expect to know the growth path in the organization and also the requirements to progress on the growth path. Sales training involves the training on aspects such as personal characteristics attitude, role perception, skill refinement and professionalism which chart the progress of employees on growth path. To enthuse the new employee to pick-up quickly: A new employee is often uncertain of the environment/culture and working of the organization. Hence, it is important to enthuse the new employee with a training which will clear his doubts about the working and climb the learning curves speedily. To motivate the employees: One of the biggest challenges employers face is keeping staff morale high and enthusiasm up. Sales trainings will not only improve the knowledge base of the employees but add to the feeling that they are valued. This will result in making their sales call more effective, and also increasing their confidence & earning potential (Penistone 2002) . To impart the latest tactics or knowledge on current/ future market practices: The market place keeps evolving and competitors keep coming up with new ideas which should be either countered or emulated in an effort to stay in the race. With the daily routine job, sales people often miss to keep a tab on new and famous in the market. Hence, sales training is important to teach the existing employees the latest tactics in sales. To encourage specialization: Sales trainings, if carefully crafted, encourage sales persons to choose a line of sales

Quality Initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Quality Initiative - Essay Example Thus, we stick with a very high standard of quality which is attained only when the business organization manufactures product which is free from any deficiency. The importance of quality in ZJZ Cosmetics can never be overstated. First of all, quality has become the one of the most important tenets of the company. Quality is a competitive advantage which identifies and separates ZJZ Cosmetics from its numerous competitors in the marketplace. It is with this high standard of quality that we established our reputation in the industry together with our customer’s trust and confidence. The focus on quality has enabled ZJC cosmetics to create an image of excellence gaining strong patronage from numerous clients. Maintaining high product quality ensures the satisfaction of customers’ needs and facilitates the establishment of strategic partnerships with them. Excellent product quality is not only instrumental in attracting new clients and maintaining current ones. ZJZ Cosmetics’ financial objectives of profitability and maximization of shareholder value is attained largely through its commitment in manufacturing products with zero deficiencies. This helps the company to minimize wastage thereby making its processes more time and cost efficient. In line with ZJZ Corporation’s goal of upholding product excellence, it will put in place a quality control system which generally aims to establish routine technical activities to measure and control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed. This effort will be used in order to ensure that products are manufactured according to their purpose at their specifications allowing no room for defects. The specific objectives of the quality initiative are stated as follows: The quality control program will be ZJZ Cosmetic’s primary means of maintaining the excellence of its products and improving the efficiency of its production